Scientific Calculator

Trig, powers, roots & logs

DEG

0

Scientific calculator explained

What makes a calculator “scientific”?

Scientific calculators build on the four basic operations with trigonometry, powers, roots, logarithms and constants, so you can tackle real maths, science and engineering problems.

Who invented the scientific calculator?

The first handheld scientific calculator is widely credited to Hewlett‑Packard. In 1972 the company released the HP‑35, a pocket‑sized calculator that could replace the engineer's slide rule by handling trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions.

The HP‑35 used then‑new integrated circuits to squeeze serious maths into a device that fit in a shirt pocket. Modern scientific calculators—physical and online—follow the same goal: bring advanced functions as close to you as a basic calculator.

Milestones in scientific calculators

  • 1972 – HP‑35: first handheld scientific calculator.
  • Late 1970s–1980s: scientific calculators become standard tools in schools and universities.
  • 1985 onwards: graphing and programmable models arrive, adding visuals and custom programs.
  • Today: scientific calculators live in web apps like this one alongside dedicated devices.

Core capabilities

In addition to +, −, ×, ÷ and %, this scientific calculator adds functions that show up constantly in physics, engineering and exam questions.

  • Trigonometry for angles (sin, cos, tan).
  • Powers and roots (x², x³, √x, ³√x, 1/x).
  • Logarithms in base 10 and base e (log, ln).
  • Built‑in constants like π and e.

When to use a scientific calculator

Use this page whenever a question involves angles, exponents, logs or roots. For simple money or shopping maths, the basic calculator is usually quicker.

Function reference

KeyMeaningExample
sin, cos, tanTrigonometric functions in DEG or RAD mode.sin(30°) = 0.5
x², x³Square or cube the current value.5 x² → 25
√x, ³√xSquare root or cube root.√9 → 3
1/xReciprocal (useful for fractions).1/8 → 0.125
log, lnBase‑10 and natural logarithms.log(100) = 2
π, eMathematical constants.π ≈ 3.14159

Real‑world examples

Find a triangle side

Given hypotenuse 10 and angle 30°, 10 × sin(30°) = 5.

Compound growth

Use powers to estimate growth: 1.05¹⁰ ≈ 1.629 (5% per year for 10 years).

Logarithmic scale

Convert to a log scale: log(1,000) = 3.

Pro tips

  • Check that DEG/RAD matches your question before using trig keys.
  • Use memory keys to store intermediate values during longer problems.
  • Use logs to turn multiplication into addition when working with very large numbers.

Basic vs scientific

Reach for the basic calculator for day‑to‑day totals and the scientific calculator when you see angles, exponents, logs or roots in the question.

Scientific calculator FAQ

Is this scientific calculator free?
Yes. No sign‑up, no account and no usage limits.
Does this calculator support both degrees and radians?
Yes. Use the DEG/RAD key at the top to switch angle mode before using sin, cos or tan.
Is this calculator allowed in exams?
Always check your exam rules. Many exams require specific physical calculators; this online tool is best for practice and everyday work.

Accessibility & privacy

Keyboard input is supported, and calculations run only in your browser. We do not send your key presses or results to a server.

Worked examples

Triangle side (trig)

Find the opposite side when hypotenuse is 10 and angle is 30°:

10 × sin(30) = 5

Exponent via logs

Solve 3ˣ = 81:

x = log(81) ÷ log(3) = 4

Check DEG vs RAD

In DEG: sin(90) = 1. In RAD: sin(π/2) = 1.

Degrees vs radians

Degrees (DEG)

A full circle is 360°. Common values:

  • 90° = quarter turn
  • 180° = half turn
  • 360° = full turn

Radians (RAD)

Based on π. Useful in calculus and many formulas:

  • π rad = 180°
  • π/2 rad = 90°
  • 2π rad = 360°

Quick reference: common values

Trig values (degrees)

θsin θcos θ
01
30°0.50.866…
45°0.707…0.707…
60°0.866…0.5
90°10

Logs & constants

  • log(10) = 1, log(100) = 2
  • ln(e) = 1, ln(1) = 0
  • π ≈ 3.14159
  • e ≈ 2.71828

Use the scientific calculator when you're deep in maths or physics. For other tasks, these calculators may be a better fit: